Matrix Models 2024

Special course for 4th year students at LMTP MIPT

#math-ph, #mm, #teaching

Literature

  • [Mor25] Core resource. Extremely succinct, but covering most of the main ideas.
  • [Mor94] Detailed review of integrability in matrix models and some other special topics.
  • [Kaz21] Great video-lectures on Matrix Models from one of the greatest contributors to the field.
  • [EKR15] Self-consistent text on various aspects of matrix models, including the ones we are interested in. Ribbon graphs and eigenvalue representation are explained very well.
  • -representation and superintegrability are discussed in detail in [MO22].
  • For matrix models in the context of 2 quantum gravity see [BIZ80; LZ04; Wit90].The latter one contains a lot of useful material on matrix models in general.
  • Matrix models in the context of QCD are considered in the Chapter VII.4 of [Zee10]. They also appear in the large lattice gauge formulation of QCD [BG80; GW80].

Problem set

Matrix calculus

Evaluate

(1)

at the order , where is the measure on Hermitian matrices

(2)

Virasoro constraints

Using previous result obtain the expression for the Virasoro operators

(3)

annihilating the formal generating function

(4)

via Virasoro constraints

(5)

(Matrix) models

For the Gaussian Hermitian matrix model find the generating function

(6)

where

(7)

and is the number of parts equaling , up to 4-th order ( ) using the methods below. Compare the results.

Ward identities

(8)

-representation

(9)

where

(10)

and derivative by is understood as multiplication by .

Wick's theorem

(11)

Graphs/triangulations counting

(12)

where is actually a vector , except for the restriction sum is taken only over partitions of by natural numbers excluding 1 and 2, and is a number of (possibly disconnected) ribbon graphs with -valent vertices, that can be drawn on a surface of genus .

Determinantal representation

(13)

where

(14)

Character expansion

(15)

(org-element-property :name datum)where is a Schur polynomial in symmetric sum variables .

Connected vs. disconnected

Find the expression for the generating function of cumulants up to 8-th order (the least order, where disconnected diagrams appear in ). Check for that defined as

(16)

actually count connected only ribbon graphs.

Grading

Both talk and HW are graded on 5-point scale at first. You have 9 exercises for the homework, so

(17)

Next, raw grade is calculated

(18)

and converted in final grade on 10-point scale

(19)

This function almost perfectly maps unsatisfactory, satisfactory, good, and excellent grades from one scale to another.

Individual results

Table 1: Individual results
  Talk 1 2 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.4 3.5 3.6 4 Grade
Azheev 5 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1   9
Egor 5 1 1       2       5
Hasib 5 1 1 1 1           5
Kostya 5 1 1   1       1   5
Lena 5 1 1 1   1         5
Matthew 5 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 10

References

[Mor25]
A. Morozov, “Integrability and matrix models,” in Encyclopedia of mathematical physics, in Encyclopedia of mathematical physics. , Elsevier, 2025, pp. 168–174. doi: 10.1016/b978-0-323-95703-8.00040-9. arXiv: 2212.02632.
[Mor94]
A. Y. Morozov, “Integrability and matrix models,” Phys.-Uspekhi, vol. 37, no. 1, pp. 1–55, 1994, doi: 10.1070/pu1994v037n01abeh000001. arXiv: hep-th/9303139.
[Kaz21]
V. Kazakov, “Matrix models and \(1/N\) expansion (in Russian),” 2021. Available: https://youtube.com/playlist?list=PLthfp5exSWErY-M7YL4PY7eYHG6yMdGUP
[EKR15]
B. Eynard, T. Kimura, and S. Ribault, “Random matrices,” 2015. arXiv: 1510.04430.
[MO22]
V. Mishnyakov and A. Oreshina, “Superintegrability in \(\)-deformed Gaussian Hermitian matrix model from \(W\)-operators,” Eur. Phys. J. C, vol. 82, no. 6, p. 548, 2022, doi: 10.1140/epjc/s10052-022-10466-y. arXiv: 2203.15675.
[Wit90]
E. Witten, “Two-dimensional gravity and intersection theory on moduli space,” Surv. Differ. Geom., vol. 1, no. 1, pp. 243–310, 1990, doi: 10.4310/sdg.1990.v1.n1.a5.
[BIZ80]
D. Bessis, C. Itzykson, and J. Zuber, “Quantum field theory techniques in graphical enumeration,” Adv. Appl. Math., vol. 1, no. 2, pp. 109–157, 1980, doi: 10.1016/0196-8858(80)90008-1.
[LZ04]
S. K. Lando and A. K. Zvonkin, Graphs on surfaces and their applications, 1st ed. in Encyclopaedia of mathematical sciences. Springer, 2004.
[Zee10]
A. Zee, Quantum field theory in a nutshell, 2nd ed. in In a nutshell Princeton. Princeton University Press, 2010.
[GW80]
D. J. Gross and E. Witten, “Possible third-order phase transition in the large-\(N\) lattice gauge theory,” Phys. Rev. D, vol. 21, no. 2, pp. 446–453, 1980, doi: 10.1103/physrevd.21.446.
[BG80]
E. Brezin and D. J. Gross, “The external field problem in the large \(N\) limit of QCD,” Phys. Lett. B, vol. 97, no. 1, pp. 120–124, 1980, doi: 10.1016/0370-2693(80)90562-6.